Artificial Nutrition
Table of Contents
The causes of undernutrition
Diseases (cancer, respiratory and heart failure, depression, aging) can weaken the nutritional state and lead to undernutrition.
In Europe, between 5 and 10% of the population suffer from undernutrition.
The consequences are muscle wasting:
- In children, it causes a downturn in the growth curve.
- For the elderly, it weakens them by increasing the risk of falls, reducing their mobility, and increasing the risk of infection.
The diagnosis, but even more, the prevention of undernutrition, are therefore essential. The weight measurement and the body mass index (BMI = ratio of the importance to the square of the height) must be carried out at least once a year for the chronically ill and the aging to prevent undernutrition. If undernutrition is diagnosed, it will be essential to identify the mechanisms involved to institute appropriate nutritional care, based on enriched oral nutrition when “normal” food is possible, on clinical nutrition – enteral and parenteral – when it is not.
Oral nutrition
When possible, oral nutrition should always remain preferred over other solutions. An oral nutritional supplement (CNO) stays indicated if spontaneous food intake is decreased but still above half the usual information. This oral dietary supplement stands based on nutritional advice, food intake aids, a fortified diet, and oral nutritional supplements that consider your eating habits.
SOME TIPS
- You have a small appetite or have undergone interventions on the digestive system: split your meals (3 main meals and two snacks).
- Prefer textures that are easy to swallow, such as minced meat, mashed potatoes, vegetable mash, and compotes if you have difficulty chewing or swallowing.
- You can also enrich your dishes to increase the protein intake without increasing the volume. For this, you can add basic products such as milk powder, whole condensed milk, grated cheese, eggs, crème fraîche, béchamel, oil or industrial protein powder, protein-enriched pasta, or semolina.
- Oral nutritional supplements stand as complete nutrient blends with varying tastes and textures and are high in energy and protein. You can consume them during snacks or meals, in addition to these. They make it possible to achieve an additional easily consumable caloric or protein intake. They require a medical prescription.
Your nutritional status is reassessed more or less long term, depending on your initial dietary quality, to estimate the effectiveness of the treatment. In the event of moderate undernutrition, re-evaluation takes place 15 days after starting treatment; severe malnutrition takes place at the end of the first week of treatment.
Adherence to treatment, weight gain, and estimation of spontaneous food intake constitutes the efficacy criteria for enriched oral nutrition and determine its continuation. If your nutritional status deteriorates or your food intake remains insufficient, this signals its failure and leads to the implementation of another strategy. Although Enteral nutrition can then stand considered.
Enteral nutrition
Enteral feeding may follow treatment with oral enriched nutrition. That would not have achieved the target with the doctor or remain considered from the outset when malnutrition is severe and insufficient oral intake, ineffective (intestinal malabsorption), or impossible (swallowing problems, dysphagia).
This artificial nutrition technique delivers a nutrient solution into the digestive tract through a probe. This solution, contained in a nutrient bag or a ready-to-use bottle, provides your body with the nutrients it needs and maintains the functions of the digestive tract and associated organs (liver, pancreas, gallbladder).
The different types of enteral feeding tubes
There are two types of enteral feeding tubes, depending on the duration of clinical nutrition therapy:
- The nasogastric tube remain an excellent tube inserted in your nose and goes down to your stomach or intestine. If it is impressive, this gesture is not painful. nutritious
- The ostomy tube remain inserted directly into your stomach or your intestine ( jejunostomy ) through an orifice (stoma) made through your abdominal wall. This surgical intervention must stand performed by a gastroenterologist or a surgeon under local or general anesthesia. For example, the ostomy tube can be more comfortable than the nasogastric tube when enteral nutrition lasts at least a month.
If you stand fed through an enteral feeding tube, whether nasogastric or ostomy, the ORKYN nurse will recommend that you remain seated. Or at least have your chest straightened during the administration of the nutrient solution. As when taking a meal, to avoid regurgitation.
Parenteral nutrition
The parenteral nutrition stays indicated when neither enriched oral food nor enteral nutrition is possible or desired results. The nutritious blend of micronutrients and macronutrients remain introduced directly into the bloodstream via an intravenous infusion, bypassing the digestive system.
The initial prescription of artificial nutrition, enteral or parenteral, is made by a doctor practicing in an establishment specializing in nutritional care. You will stand hospitalized so that the catheter stands placed, and you receive explanations on the technique’s operation. The handling of the probes and nutrient sachets. Enteral and parenteral nutrition can be continued at home thanks, in particular, to the treatment of undernutrition by ORKYN teams.
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